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In France, the first mortality of Pacific oysters, C.

for the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Mortalities of marine bivalves linked to infection by herpes-like virus was first described in 1972 by Farley et al. This response shows a “sensu stricto” innate immunity through genic regulation of the virus OsHV-1 life cycle, but also others biological processes resulting to complex interactions between host and pathogens in general. The result allowed establishment of a hypothetic scheme of the host cell’s infection by, and response to, the pathogen. In this study, a number of genes are regulated in the response to pathogen infection on field and seems to argue to an implication of the virus in the observed mortality. Spat with and without detectable OsHV-1 infection presenting or not mortality respectively were compared by microarray during mortality episodes. A microarray assay has been developed for a major part of the oyster genome and used for studying the host transcriptome across mortality on field. The aim of this study was to understand mechanisms brought into play against the virus during infection in the field. Moreover, experimental infections using viral particles have documented the pathogenicity of OsHV-1 but the physiological responses of host to pathogen are not well known. A herpes virus called OsHV-1, easily detectable by PCR, has been implicated in the mortalities as demonstrated by the results of numerous field studies linking mortality with OsHV-1 prevalence. Massive mortalities have been observed in France since 2008 on spat and juvenile Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas.